ArticleThe Indian journal of medical research2025
Understanding the pro- & anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in Japanese encephalitis & their implications in survival outcome.
Article in The Indian journal of medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pentoxifylline in children with acute encephalitis syndrome: a randomized control trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background & objectives We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cytokine profile in Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients and healthy individuals. Additionally, the correlation between the cytokines and the disease outcome in terms of survival or non-survival was also studied. Methods The study included 72 laboratory-confirmed JE cases and 50 healthy controls. Plasma levels of cytokines viz., GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and TNF-α were analysed using Bio-plex200 (Bio-Rad) following manufacturer's guidelines and compared between JE patients and healthy control group. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was done for the quantification of expression of the above-mentioned cytokine genes. Results Except IL-4 and IL-13, the levels of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were significantly higher in JE patients in comparison to healthy controls. Significantly upregulated expression of IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α was observed in the JE group as compared to that in healthy controls. Additionally, significantly downregulated expression of IL-4and IL-13 was observed in the JE group compared to the control group. Interpretation & conclusions A higher level of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of a few anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in JE patients compared to the healthy controls indicating co-association of inflammation with disease severity. Hence, a regulator of these pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines may stand out as a potential candidate for therapy in JE.
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