ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2025
Recommendations for Interpreting Intraerythrocytic Tenofovir Diphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate for HIV-1 Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Assessment.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Life-steps for PrEP nurse-delivered adherence intervention: Protocol for a multisite randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Substance use interactive toxicity beliefs impede HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use among men who have sex with men.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Using Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Evaluate Factors Associated With PrEP Non-Adherence and Performance of Indirect Adherence Measures in Latin America: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicentre Implementation Study (ImPrEP).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Observational
- A Narrative Review of Remote Biospecimen Collection Product and Implementation Considerations for Sexual Health Clinical Research.AIDS and behavior · 2026Review
- Article
- Adherence thresholds of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: A scoping review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntraerythrocytic tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) in dried blood spots (DBS) have emerged as a gold-standard approach to assess adherence for oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but several considerations are important for proper interpretation.
methodsKey articles were reviewed related to use of intraerythrocytic TFV-DP and FTC-TP for adherence assessment including studies of pharmacokinetics, analytical methodologies, and application to a variety of PrEP settings. Important considerations were identified that influence TFV-DP and FTC-TP adherence interpretations by ≥15% and guidance was provided to assist when these considerations arise.
resultsFactors identified included pregnancy status, specific drug interactions, hematocrit outside of 35%-50%, laboratory methodology, use of tenofovir alafenamide vs tenofovir disoproxil, whether DBS was collected before TFV-DP reaching steady state, and daily versus event-driven PrEP. Recommendations were provided in the form of adherence interpretation tables or mathematical adjustments to account for these considerations.
conclusionsProper interpretation of TFV-DP and FTC-TP in DBS requires accounting for the factors identified above to maximize the value of these measurements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.