ReviewDrug delivery2025
Advances in vaccine adjuvant development and future perspectives.
Review in Drug delivery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- An integrated AI-driven vaccine design process: a systematic review of workflows from generative design to translational prediction.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- Next-generation vaccine adjuvants: Integrating nanotechnology, systems immunology, and computational approaches for precision vaccinology.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- A yeast-based oral vaccine platform reveals antigen-dependent protection against Eimeria tenella.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Computational Design and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of a Chimeric Nanoparticle Vaccine for Targeted Delivery against BK Polyomavirus.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion ContainingVaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- VO: The Vaccine Ontology.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Lipid Nanoparticle-Encapsulated PolyI:C as an Adjuvant Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the Hepatitis B Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Identification of Mannose-Capped-Arabinomannan 101-mer as a Potential Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Metal Ion-Mediated Regulation of Cell Fate: A Novel Strategy for Synergy with Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Self-destructing attenuated adjuvant Salmonella serves as a safe and potent live vaccine adjuvant.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Development and immunogenicity of a novel subunit vaccine candidate against avian metapneumovirus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Polymyxin B as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant and Its Immunological Comparison with FDA-Approved Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Use of highly purified antigens to improve vaccine safety has led to reduced immunogenicity and efficacy, resulting in the need for adjuvants to increase and/or modulate the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Despite the need for potent and safe vaccine adjuvants, currently, there are still very few adjuvants in licensed human vaccines. Advances in immunology and molecular biology, especially in the last decade, have allowed researchers to understand better how the adjuvants work and enhance immune responses. While aluminum salts are still the most widely used adjuvants, research has shifted toward the rational design of adjuvant systems containing immunostimulatory molecules. Application of systems biology, which is based on high-throughput technologies using mathematical and computational modeling, has provided a deeper understanding of the biological events elicited by vaccination as well as the influence of other factors such as sex, age, microbiota, genetics and metabolism on the immune response. By this means, it became possible to tailor potential vaccine adjuvants more precisely for a successful vaccine with enhanced efficacy, safety and protection. In this review, after describing the mechanism of action of the adjuvants, current adjuvants in licensed vaccines, as well as those under clinical development will be mentioned in detail. Finally, new approaches in vaccine adjuvant development using systems biology and artificial intelligence will be reviewed, and future directions in vaccine research in regard to efficacy, safety and quality aspects will be discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.