ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Association between exposure to blood heavy metal mixtures and overactive bladder risk among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estimated Dietary Lead Exposure Through Aquatic Animal Consumption and Health Symptoms in a Lake-Dependent Community: Evidence from Nong Han Lake, Northeast Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Occupational exposure to heavy metals: A review of health outcomes and safety interventions.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with chronic low back pain in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has demonstrated that exposure to environmental heavy metals harms human health. However, information regarding the impact of co-exposure to metal mixtures on the risk of overactive bladder (OAB) was limited. Our study aimed to explore the joint effects of blood heavy metal mixtures on OAB risk. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from four National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2011-2018). The effects of single metals on OAB risk were explored using multivariate logistic regression. Additionally, we used weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to explore the combined effect of metal mixtures on OAB risk. Age-stratified subgroup analyses were conducted, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to investigate the non-linear relationship between metals and OAB. Results: A total of 4,183 individuals aged 20-80 years were included for further study. Among them, 866 (20.7%) participants had OAB. OAB patients had significantly higher blood concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead and lower blood concentrations of selenium and manganese than those without OAB (all Conclusion: Our study identified that co-exposure to heavy metal mixtures was significantly related to OAB risk. Further research prioritizing low-dose, real-world exposure to metal mixtures in vulnerable populations (e.g., older adult, high-risk occupations) is essential to translate our findings into preventive strategies and regulatory policies.
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