Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40535195›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025

The experiences, perspectives and needs of families raising neurodivergent twins: a multi-informant photo-elicitation exploratory study.

Vicky Foley, Myrofora Kakoulidou, Vassilis Sideropoulos, Camilla Phelps, Georgia Pavlopoulou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vicky FoleyDepartment of Psychology & Human Development, IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Myrofora KakoulidouDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Vassilis SideropoulosDepartment of Psychology & Human Development, IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Camilla PhelpsGroup for Research in Relationships and NeuroDiversity (GRRAND), Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Georgia PavlopoulouGroup for Research in Relationships and NeuroDiversity (GRRAND), Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite research suggesting the importance of secure sibling relationships and the uniqueness of twin siblings' connections, little is known about the experiences of twin siblings who have a neurodivergent twin. This study sought the voices of the twin/triplet siblings about their first-hand experiences of living with a neurodivergent co-twin/triplet. Research questions were co-designed with four mothers of neurodivergent twins/triplets, after consulting with 38 families of neurodiverse twins about their top research priorities. Fifteen photo-elicitation semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore both the neurotypical twins' experiences and perceived needs and the mothers' perceptions of the neurotypical twins' experiences and perceived needs. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the interview data. Themes across the neurotypical twins and their mothers included: (i) perception of the relationship between twins, (ii) perception of neurotypical twins as experts of their sibling's neurodivergence, (iii) perception of the neurotypical twin's struggles and needs. This study illustrates the everyday experiences of neurotypical twins with a neurodivergent co-twin from multiple perspectives. The themes demonstrate the closeness of their twin bond but also depicts the struggles sharing attention and time. A key difference in their perspectives was that mothers were more worried about their twins' differences and conflicts, while twins felt mutual understanding and normalised these differences despite their conflicts. Future research should further explore twins' life experiences and needs across the lifespan and include the perspectives of all family members, including those of neurodivergent twins as well as dyads and triads where all twins are neurodivergent.

Indexed as

family wellbeingneurodiversityphoto-elicitationrelationshipssiblingstwins

Identifiers

PMID40535195
PMCPMC12175008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.