Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40535057›Full record

ArticleNature and science of sleep2025

Who is the "Therapist" in Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (dCBTi)?

Neil Stanley, Karen Marshall, Alison Gardiner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. A Scoping Review of Large Language Models in Personal Sleep Wellness.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Neil StanleyIndependent Sleep Expert, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5876-3006
Karen MarshallRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Alison GardinerSleepstation, The Schoolhouse, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is a highly effective, evidence-based intervention, increasingly delivered through digital platforms. However, the human qualities embedded in traditional face-to-face CBTi (such as empathy, clinical judgement, and personalised encouragement) are difficult to replicate digitally. Digital CBTi is often treated as a single therapeutic modality, yet approaches vary significantly in the extent and nature of human support provided, raising important questions about the identity and role of the "therapist" in digital care. This perspectives paper explores the critical role of human support in digital CBTi and examines different models for integrating human input into digital care pathways. The authors argue that while digital CBTi offers scalable and accessible treatment for insomnia, that the inclusion of trained human support remains a vital component for maximising engagement, personalisation, and long-term clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

dCBTiempathyinsomniatherapist

Identifiers

PMID40535057
PMCPMC12174922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.