ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Vitamin C intake and cognitive function in older U.S. adults: nonlinear dose-response associations and effect modification by smoking status.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling the Diet-Learning Nexus: a cross-sectional deep dive into Iranian adolescents' nutrient patterns and learning difficulties.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- The Role of Vitamin C in Selected Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Exploring Potential Therapeutic Benefits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between vitamin C intake and cognitive function in U.S. older adults, focusing on dose-response characteristics and effect modification of key subgroups. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this cross-sectional study included 2,801 adults aged ≥ 60 years. Total vitamin C intake was assessed via standardized 24-h dietary recalls and supplement questionnaires. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning Test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariate adjusted linear regression models, smooth curve fitting, and stratified regression analyses were employed to examine associations and effect modification. Results: Our analysis revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between vitamin C intake and cognitive performance. In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest intake quartile (Q4) showed significantly better performance on the Auditory Fluency Test (AFT; Conclusion: Vitamin C intake is associated with improved cognitive function in older U.S. adults, with distinct dose-dependent and domain-specific threshold effects. Smoking status significantly modifies this relationship, suggesting that personalized supplementation strategies targeting smokers may enhance cognitive protection.
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