Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2025
Impact of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on systemic and uterine natural killer cells in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interleukin-6 Downregulates T Helper 17 Cytokines via Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Editorial: Innate and adaptive immunity in normal and adverse pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The effect of moderate physical activity on NK cells populations and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in young, healthy women.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with altered immune phenotypes and functions. It has been proposed that physical exercise might impact the immune system. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a personalized 3-month moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on the immune system of women with unexplained RPL (uRPL). Given the suggested supportive role of Natural Killer (NK) cells during early pregnancy, we focused on numerical, phenotypic, and functional changes in peripheral NK (pNK) and uterine NK (uNK) cells. Methods: Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood (PB) (n=23) and menstrual blood (MB) (n=22) of women with uRPL. NK cell phenotypes were assessed with comprehensive flow cytometry panels. NK cell function was assessed with degranulation assays and intracellular staining of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), perforin and granzyme-B in a subgroup of women due to lower availability of samples (n=12). Results: Attendance to the exercise intervention was overall 95%, which resulted in effects on the phenotype and function of pNK cells. We found a significant reduction in the median fluorescent intensity of CD161 (464 Discussion: Our study shows promising results, suggesting that exercise can impact pNK cell phenotype and function in women with uRPL. Following the changes in pNK phenotype and function suggest a lower pro-inflammatory state post-exercise. Whether these exercise-induced phenotypic and functional changes of pNK cells impact subsequent pregnancies remains to be studied. The study details are available through HYPERLINK "https://clinicaltrials.gov/"Home | ClinicalTrials.gov, trial ID: HMOVE.
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