SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune tolerance platforms to mitigate unwanted immune responses.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Cow's milk protein allergy in infants: Clinical presentations and outcomes.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common causes of food allergies (FA) in children. There have been studies on the use of immunotherapy in cow's milk protein allergy, with oral immunotherapy (OIT) being the most extensively researched. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the efficacy and safety of OIT to manage cow's milk allergy in children. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched from their inception until August 2024. Randomized controlled trials that reported on the efficacy or safety of IT for CMA were included. Two investigators independently extracted data on regimen of intervention, outcomes, number of cases and gender ratio. Pooled estimates of relative risks or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the included studies for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. Results: Nineteen RCT articles (815 participants) were included. The meta-analysis indicated that oral immunotherapy significantly facilitated desensitization in patients with cow's milk allergy in children (relative risk [RR] 2.51, 95% CI: 1.54-4.09, I²=84.4%). Tolerance threshold at oral food challenges (OFC) increased following oral immunotherapy compared with a standard mean difference (SMD) of 3.58 (2.82-4.33). After oral immunotherapy, the antibody titers of cow milk protein sIgE (SMD -0.42, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.11, I²=28.8%) and casein sIgE (SMD -0.54, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.11, I²=0%) decreased. The risk of adverse reactions with immunotherapy was not higher than that in the control group, with an RR of 2.05 (95% CI 0.96-4.37, I²=81.5%). Conclusions: Oral immunotherapy, is associated with desensitization to CMA in children, without increased risk of short-term adverse events, but late complications such as eosinophilic esophagitis require caution. More high-quality studies are needed to explore the long-term efficacy of OIT for CMA. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, identifier CRD42024541769.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.