ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
The impact of bilberry extract combined with docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of Chrnb4 gene in the sclera of myopic guinea pigs.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Conjunctival Sac-Derived Lactobacillus mucosae MM-1 Metabolite Indole-3-Lactic Acid Attenuates Lens-Induced Myopia in Mice via AHR Activation and TGF-β/Smad Inhibition.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- The mechanistic study of injectable hydrogel loaded with BMSC-exosomes in regulating the TGF-β/MMP axis to inhibit experimental myopia model.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of bilberry extract combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in myopia management by examining their effects on Chrnb4 gene expression in the sclera of lens-induced myopic guinea pigs and elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanisms, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development of natural active component-based myopia prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: One hundred twenty guinea pigs were systematically allocated into five experimental groups: normal control (NC), lens-induced myopia (LIM), LIM+DHA, LIM+bilberry extract (LIM+BE), and LIM+DHA+BE. Myopia was experimentally induced through the application of -6.0D lenses. The intervention groups received daily administrations of DHA (100 mg/kg), bilberry extract (16.5 mg/kg), or their combination for a duration of 12 weeks. Ocular parameters including refractive status and axial length were quantified using a handheld refractometer and A-scan ultrasound, respectively. Choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were evaluated through swept-source OCT imaging. Molecular analyses encompassing Chrnb4 expression, dopamine concentrations, and TGF-β/MMP-2/TIMP-1 pathway components were conducted using immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot techniques. Results: Following 4 weeks of myopia induction, the LIM group demonstrated significant myopic changes, including reduced refraction (-3.75 ± 1.35 D), decreased ChT (89.00 ± 10.37 μm), increased axial length (11.33 ± 1.67 mm), and diminished CVI (22.64 ± 4.91%) compared to NC group (all Conclusion: The combination of bilberry extract and DHA demonstrates significant efficacy in controlling myopia progression through multiple mechanisms, including upregulation of Chrnb4 gene expression, modulation of the TGF-β/MMP-2/TIMP-1 signaling pathway, and enhancement of dopamine levels. These findings collectively contribute to the inhibition of scleral remodeling and axial elongation. This study provides valuable insights for the development of novel, multi-targeted natural therapeutic approaches for myopia prevention and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.