Cognitive Specificity Enhancement Training (CoST) in depressed patients with a history of childhood maltreatment: a pilot study on the feasibility and efficacy of CoST for reducing rumination, cognitive avoidance, and depressive symptoms.

Zobeydeh Dehghan Manshadi, Hamid Taher Neshat-Doost, Laura Jobson, Filip Raes

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial

In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zobeydeh Dehghan ManshadiPsychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-3347-3897

Hamid Taher Neshat-DoostDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

Laura JobsonTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Filip RaesPsychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression rates are rising globally, with traditional treatments often failing to address cognitive overgeneralization - a distortion that perpetuates negative thinking and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Specificity Enhancement Training (CoST) in reducing rumination, cognitive avoidance, and depressive symptoms, particularly in patients with childhood maltreatment. Using a quasi-experimental design, 40 depressed patients (Mage = 33.02 ± 10.69) with a history of childhood maltreatment were purposively sampled and randomly assigned to experimental (

Indexed as

Adult Survivors of Child AbuseAvoidance LearningCognitive Behavioral TherapyDepressionRumination, CognitiveAdultFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesSurveys and Questionnairescognicióncognitioncognitive avoidanceevitación cognitivaMajor depressive disorderovergeneralizationrumiaciónruminationsobregeneralizaciónTrastorno depresivo mayortratamiento

Identifiers

PMID40534494

DOI10.1080/20008066.2025.2514328

PMCPMC12188646

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.