ArticleMolecular cancer2025
Biologically targeted dual adaptive and innate nano-Immunotherapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma treatment.
Article in Molecular cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanomedicine-based sensitization and resistance reversal in immunotherapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from tumor microenvironment to precision delivery.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine in immunotherapy of urinary system tumors: advances, synergistic strategies, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanoplatform-Mediated Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmunotherapy treatments have significantly improved metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment outcomes. Despite recent advancements, the rates of durable response to immunotherapy remain low, and the toxicity profiles of treatment continue to be high. To address these challenges, we report the development of a human carbonic anhydrase-IX (hCA-9)-targeted multifunctional immunotherapy nanoparticles (MINPs) aimed at improving treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity. We hypothesized that these MINPs will facilitate the recognition and elimination of hCA-9-expressing tumor cells by both adaptive immune cells (cytotoxic CD8
methodsNon-targeted and hCA-9-targeted MINPs were prepared by conjugating anti-CA-9, anti-4-1BB, and anti-CD27 antibodies to poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) diblock copolymer NPs. The abilities of different MINPs in activating CD8
resultsHuman CA-9-targeted multifunctionalized immunotherapy NPs (MINPs) functionalized with anti-CA-9, anti-4-1BB, and anti-CD27 antibodies outperformed hCA-9-targeted bifunctionalized immunotherapy NPs (BINPs), non-targeted BINPs, and the combination of free antibodies in activating mouse CD8
conclusionThis study demonstrates that MINPs are a versatile platform capable of facilitating immune cell engagement and the eradication of targeted ccRCC without causing systemic immune-related side effects.
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Registered trials
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