ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Health Status And Delays In Referral-To-Treatment Waiting Times for Elective Admissions of Adults From Deprived Areas And Ethnic Minority Backgrounds: A Study of Healthcare Inequalities.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable disease risk factors in the DIMAMO health and demographic surveillance system.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Explainable AI for early developmental disability detection: a neuro-fuzzy approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We studied all patients (total 53,611) whose referral-to-treatment (RTT) ended in hospital admission ("admitted pathways") between 01/2019 and 12/2023. Their health status and RTT waiting times were related to indices of deprivation (IMD: combined data from income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services, and living environment) and to ethnicities (87% Caucasians; 6% South Asians; 5.1% Other Ethnicities; 0.9% Blacks; 0.7% Mixed Race; 0.3% Chinese). The risk of RTT waiting times > 18 weeks was assessed by logistic regression, adjusted for confounding factors (age, sex and number of comorbidities) and presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: least-deprived areas (IMD decile = 10) and Caucasians were reference levels. Patients' median age (66 years, interquartile range = 51-77) was representative of "admitted pathways" UK patients. Major chronic diseases were more common amongst patients from ethnic minority and deprived backgrounds. Risks of RTT waiting times > 18 weeks for elective admissions rose progressively with increasing deprivation: OR = 1.20 (1.05-1.36), compared to the least deprived areas; and mixed race: OR = 1.39 (1.10-1.76), other ethnicities: OR = 1.15 (1.05-1.26), and all ethnic minorities: OR = 1.11 (1.05-1.18), compared to Caucasians. Our findings provide evidence for health and healthcare inequalities associated with individuals from deprived areas and ethnic minority backgrounds, particularly those of mixed race. More research and resources are needed to address these inequalities that include policy interventions to reduce barriers that hinder access to healthcare and advocating for policies that address underlying social determinants of health that reduce inequalities in education, employment and housing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.