Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40533678›Full record

ReviewBiogerontology2025

First-generation versus next-generation epigenetic aging clocks: Differences in performance and utility.

Adiv A Johnson, Maxim N Shokhirev

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biogerontology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. A generalized approach for estimating the Pace of Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Adiv A JohnsonTally Health, New York, NY, USA. adiv@tallyhealth.com.
Maxim N ShokhirevTally Health, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aging biomarkers that predict age given methylomic data are referred to as epigenetic aging clocks. While the earliest, first-generation clocks were exclusively trained to predict chronological age, more recent next-generation models have been explicitly trained to associate with health, lifestyle, and/or age-related outcomes. Although these next-generation models have been trained using distinct approaches and techniques, existing evidence indicates that they associate with a greater number of health and disease signals than first-generation clocks. Moreover, they are often more predictive of age-related outcomes and appear more responsive to interventions. In this work, we provide definitions for first- versus next-generation clocks and discuss the potential merits of further dividing next-generation clocks into sub-categories. In addition, we summarize existing next-generation epigenetic aging clocks, including how they were trained and how they can be accessed. Given the relative value of interventional data over observational data, we comprehensively tabulate existing literature documenting the ability of an intervention to influence at least one epigenetic aging clock. While we acknowledge that the decision to a use a specific clock is ultimately dependent on the research application and goal, current evidence suggests that next-generation models should be generally prioritized for health-oriented association and interventional studies.

Indexed as

AgingBiological ClocksEpigenesis, GeneticDNA MethylationHumansAge-related outcomesAging biomarkerEpigenetic aging clockFirst-generation clockMortality riskNext-generation clock

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.