ArticleNature genetics2025
Incorporating genetic data improves target trial emulations and informs the use of polygenic scores in randomized controlled trial design.
Article in Nature genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Post-genome-wide association study variant-to-function challenges in asthma research.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Constructing Genetic Risk Scores: Robust Bayesian Approach through Projected Summary Statistics and Flexible Shrinkage.Journal of the American Statistical Association · 2026Article
- Genetic modulators of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and their epistatic interactions: from in vitro and animal models to clinical outcomes.BMC medical genomics · 2026Review
- Polygenic risk scores: Navigating the future of precision medicine through economic, ethical, and scientific advancements.iScience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain the gold standard for evaluating medical interventions, yet ethical, practical and financial constraints often necessitate reliance on observational data and trial emulations. This study explores how integrating genetic data can enhance both emulated and traditional trial designs. Using FinnGen (n = 425,483), we emulated four major cardiometabolic RCTs and showed how reduced differences in polygenic scores (PGS) between trial arms track improvement in study design. Simulation studies reveal that PGS alone cannot fully adjust for unmeasured confounding. Instead, Mendelian randomization analyses can be used to detect likely confounders. Finally, trial emulations provide a platform to assess and refine PGS implementation for genetic enrichment strategies. By comparing associations of PGS with trial outcomes in the general population and emulated trial cohorts, we highlight the need to validate prognostic enrichment approaches in trial-relevant populations. These results highlight the growing potential of incorporating genetic information to optimize clinical trial design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.