SynthesisGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025
The effect of digital devices screen use on intraocular pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe widespread adoption of digital screens has raised concerns about potential impacts on ocular health, particularly intraocular pressure (IOP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between digital screen use and changes in IOP.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across multiple electronic databases through January 2024, and reported adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included clinical trials published in English, evaluating the effects of digital screen use on IOP. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software, calculating the overall effect size using the weighted mean difference (WMD) of IOP changes among healthy and glaucomatous participants before, during (5, 15, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min), and after screen exposure.
resultsNine studies involving 675 eyes were included. Among healthy participants, IOP significantly increased at 25 min, with an increase of 1.53 mmHg [0.83, 2.24] (p = 0.00). Other time intervals (5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) showed no significant changes. Post-exposure, IOP returned to baseline levels without any significant change from baseline (p > 0.05). In glaucomatous individuals, IOP rose by 1.13 mmHg [0.46, 1.80] at 5 min (p < 0.001) and 2.49 mmHg [0.33, 4.65] at 25 min (p = 0.02), with no significant changes at other intervals.
conclusionScreen exposure can lead to temporary IOP increases, especially in individuals with glaucoma. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings, understand underlying mechanisms, and identify risk factors. This study highlights the potential ocular health risks associated with prolonged screen use. KEY MESSAGES: What is known Using digital screen has been associated with various ocular effects including eye strain, dry eye, and changes in Intra ocular pressure (IOP). Previous studies have suggested temporary IOP changes with digital screen use, however findings were inconsistent. What is new This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights that digital screen exposure leads to significant IOP increases at specific intervals, in both healthy and glaucomatous individuals. Glaucomatous participants experience more pronounced IOP elevations, emphasizing the need for tailored recommendations for this group. The study identifies potential mechanisms, including accommodation, postural influences, and blue light exposure, that contribute to these changes, underscoring the complexity of digital screen use's impact on ocular health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.