ArticleMolecular biology reports2025
Clinical isolates of the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans exhibit transcriptional regulation of multidrug efflux transporters that induce antifungal resistance.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoformulations of essential oils for the treatment of fungal diseases, with a focus on dermatophytes.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Biological Activity of Stilbenoids Against Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rising antifungal resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Co-Treatment with Ritonavir or Sertraline Enhances Itraconazole Efficacy Against Azole-ResistantJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Significant Impact of Growth Medium on Itraconazole Susceptibility in Azole-Resistant Versus Wild-TypeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundA substantial rise in the less common Trichophyton tonsurans in India with notable multi-drug resistance has transformed into a reason for recalcitrant dermatophytosis and concern. METHODS AND
resultsIn the current investigation, we isolated 'resistant' strains of T. tonsurans from clinical samples and studied the transcriptional modulation of the drug efflux transporter genes upon challenge with sub-lethal doses of various antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility and MIC determination were conducted following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol on clinical samples obtained from patients with superficial mycoses. Molecular identification was conducted through ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ITS sequencing. Both 'sensitive' and 'resistant' strains were challenged with sub-inhibitory concentration (70% MIC) of Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole and Terbinafine followed by RNA-seq analysis using Illumina NextSeq 550 system. The RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR. T. tonsurans presented 50 cases of dermatophytosis with 09 'resistant' strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole and Terbinafine were 74.80, 0.08, 0.01 and 0.53 µg/mL respectively. Total 88 drug transporter genes were differentially expressed. MFS transporter genes were up-regulated more than the ABC transporters. Prominent up-regulation was witnessed in 'resistant' than 'sensitive' groups. Terbinafine-treated groups demonstrated highest up-regulation of MDR genes. RT-qPCR experiments yielded similar data showing a strong correlation (r > 0.90, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe findings of the study emphasize transcriptional modulation of all transporter genes of T. tonsurans, annotated till date, in response to antifungal challenge, confirming the need to identify multi-drug resistance and select the treatment strategy wisely. It also calls for conducting further sequencing-based studies on T. tonsurans.
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