ArticleJournal of hypertension2025
Betaine protects cerebral microvascular endothelium and ameliorates hypertension-induced cognitive dysfunction via upregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric monoxide signaling pathway.
Article in Journal of hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A bibliometric analysis of research on cognitive function and carotid atherosclerosis: global trends and hotspots.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Amino Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Reduced endothelial TAK1 impairs vascular integrity in cerebral small vessel diseaseStroke and vascular neurology · 2026Article
- EndMT in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms, evidence gaps, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Betaine Alters the Interplay of the Adenosine andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Betaine based organ preservation solution alleviates renal allograft I/R injury by protecting endothelial cells.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Effect and safety of Yiqi-Shengjin granules in hypertension management among patients with abnormal glucose metabolism: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Systemic Hemodynamics and Endothelial Dysfunction With Clinical Phenotypes in Sensorineural Hearing Loss With Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialeObservational
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHypertension-induced endothelial damage in cerebral microvessels is a key factor contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Endothelial function stabilization considerably depends on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitrogen monoxide (NO) pathway. Furthermore, the eNOS/NO signaling pathway plays a role in stabilizing the vascular endothelium. Although betaine (bet) has been shown to improve cognitive dysfunction, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether betaine protects cognitive function by regulating eNOS/NO activity.
methodsMale 7-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to four groups: SHR, Bet, Bet and N(G)-Nitroarginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), and L-NAME groups. Male 7-month-old Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) served as controls. All animals received treatment or saline for 4 weeks. In-vitro experiments were conducted using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) treated with either homocysteine (Hcy) or betaine. Behavioral experiments, western blotting, pathological tissue staining, Doppler ultrasound technique, and ELISA were employed to assess the impact of hypertension on cognitive and endothelial functions.
resultsHypertension led to cognitive decline in SHR by causing endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Bet administration significantly improved these pathological indicators of cognitive impairment; however, the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME reversed its effects.
conclusionOur findings suggest that betaine protects vascular endothelium and improves VCI by modulating the eNOS/NO signaling pathway.
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