ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2025
Associations of dietary patterns and obesity development in school-aged children: results from the CHILD Cohort Study.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Milk fat intake, adiposity, and obesity in Canadian children: findings from the prospective Canadian CHILD Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Characterization of food portion size in children from 6 months to 8 years of age: a descriptive analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy Among Polish Children: Findings from the PITNUTS 2024 Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Associations of dietary patterns and obesity development in school-aged children: results from the CHILD Cohort Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to understand data-driven dietary patterns in Canadian preschoolers and their impact on obesity development among male and female individuals.
methodsIn the prospective, population-based Canadian pregnancy cohort, the CHILD Cohort Study (N = 2219), dietary intake was assessed at age 3 years using a previously developed 112-item food frequency questionnaire. At age 5 years, we measured height, weight, and waist circumference and calculated BMI and waist circumference z scores. Obesity was defined as BMI z score > 2. We used principal components analysis to derive dietary patterns and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses to determine dietary patterns' associations with BMI and waist circumference z scores, as well as obesity status.
resultsAmong Canadian preschoolers, we identified three dietary patterns: "Prudent" (high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish); "Western-like" (high in fast foods, red/processed meats, and carbonated drinks); and "Refined Grain-Snack" (high in refined grains, dairy, and salty snacks). At age 5 years, 4.7% of the children were living with obesity (3.1% male individuals and 1.6% female individuals). Females adhering to the Refined Grain-Snack pattern had higher waist circumference z scores (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.25) and 2.74-fold odds of living with obesity (95% CI: 1.29-5.85). No significant associations were observed among male individuals or with other dietary patterns and obesity outcomes among female individuals.
conclusionsPreschool dietary patterns are associated with sex-biased obesity development, highlighting the need for further research to explore these differences and inform targeted obesity prevention strategies during this important developmental period.
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