ReviewVeterinary medicine and science2025
4D Printing in Veterinarian Science: The Coming Technology.
Review in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Animal Anatomy Teaching: New Concepts, Innovations and Applications.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Physical models and simulators in veterinary education: current status, learning impact, and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
4D printing is a new evolution of 3D printing that allows materials to alter shape and properties over time or in response to their surroundings. This technique has potential uses in veterinary research, particularly in the development of medical devices for animals, such as prosthetic organs that can adapt to the animal's body or devices that can react to changes in the animal's body environment. 4D printing can also be used to make materials for wound healing and treatment in animals, such as structures that can be shaped based on treatment to promote the best successful recovery. This technology offers a bright future for improving animal care. This review is structured to cover the fundamental principles of 4D printing key applications in veterinary science, including tissue regeneration, custom implants, drug delivery and educational models, and discusses current challenges and future prospects in the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.