ArticleToxicology reports2025
Analysis of pesticide residues in tomatoes from the tomato field and markets of KPK, Pakistan and their potential risk to human health.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The study was designed to get a real time picture of pesticide residues in tomato samples from the fields of two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the markets of Islamabad, Pakistan. A citrate buffered QuEChERS method was validated for forty-nine multiclass pesticides belonging to carbamates, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, pyrethroids, triazines and triazoles on LC-MS/MS. The method's limits of detection and the quantification with the validated method ranged from 0.001 to 0.01 mg/kg and 0.01-0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Fifty one samples were analyzed with the validated method, and 58.8 % (n = 30) of the analyzed samples were found contaminated. Out of these contaminated samples, 83.3 % (n-25) were field samples, and 16.7 % (n = 5) were market samples. Four (7.8 %) field samples were found non-compliant with the European Union's Maximum Residue Limits (EU-MRLs). The frequently detected pesticides were imidacloprid and tebuconazole. Thiamethoxam, tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, metalaxyl, and chlorpyrifos, were the pesticides that exceeded the EU-MRLs. The residues of detected pesticides were found to pose a very low health risk to consumers.
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