ArticleCureus2025
Gender Disparities in Trauma Patients With an Elevated Shock Index at a Rural Appalachian Trauma Center.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAlthough men are more likely to experience a traumatic injury, research demonstrates that gender may impact patients' biological responses to trauma. Shock index (SI) is a validated tool used to predict patient outcomes. This study aims to determine if gender is associated with differences in outcomes in patients with an SI ≥1.0 in the rural setting.
methodsThis retrospective study included 699 trauma patients with an SI ≥1.0 admitted to a rural trauma center from January 2017 to December 2022. Student's t-test, chi-square analysis, and univariate logistic regression were used to analyze the study data. Primary outcomes included mortality and blood transfusions. Secondary outcomes included discharge to a care facility, hospital days, ICU days, and ventilator days.
resultsMales with a SI ≥1.0 had a significantly longer length of stay (LOS) (7.0 ± 7.4 vs. 5.8 ± 6.7, P = 0.039), had a higher injury severity score (14.5 ± 12.2 vs. 10.4 ± 10.1, P < 0.001), were x1.99 more likely to die (OR = 1.999, 95% CI = 0.213-1.171, P = 0.005), and were x1.7 more likely to require blood transfusion (OR = 1.700, 95% CI = 0.323-0.937, P = 0.002) than females. Males were 4.4 times more likely to have a motorcycle accident (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.935-9.816, P < 0.001). Females were 1.5 times more likely to have a fall (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.099-2.146, P = 0.012) and 1.6 times more likely to have an MVC (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.141-2.175, P = 0.006).
conclusionThese findings emphasize a gender disparity in trauma patients with an SI ≥1.0 at this study's rural institution. This study adds to the literature on SI and gender disparities.
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