Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40529997›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of public health2025

What Lessons can Be Learned From the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Gerry A Quinn, Ronan Connolly, Coilín ÓhAiseadha, Paul Hynds, Philipp Bagus, Ronald B Brown, Carlos F Cáceres, Clare Craig, Michael Connolly, Jose L Domingo and 27 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Reassessing Early COVID-19 Strategies in East Asia: Insights From Japan and Korea.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. WHO'Frontiers in public health · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Lessons to Be Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Some Further Ideas.International journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Gerry A QuinnCentre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
Ronan ConnollyCenter for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA, United States.
Coilín ÓhAiseadhaDepartment of Public Health, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland.
Paul HyndsSustainability and Health Research Hub, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Philipp BagusDepartment of Applied Economics, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain.
Ronald B BrownSchool of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Carlos F CáceresSchool of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Miraflores, Peru.
Clare CraigHealth Advisory and Recovery Team, London, United Kingdom.
Michael ConnollyCenter for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA, United States.
Jose L DomingoFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.
Norman FentonSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom.
Paul FrijtersDepartment of Social Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom.
Steven HatfillLondon Center For Policy Research, New York, NY, United States.
Raymond HeymansIndependent Researcher, Koedijk, Netherlands.
Ari R JoffeJohn Dossetor Health Ethics Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Rosamond JonesHealth Advisory and Recovery Team, London, United Kingdom.
Gordan LaucFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Therese LawrieThe Evidence-Based Medicine Consultancy Ltd., Bath, United Kingdom.
Robert W MaloneThe Malone Institute, Madison, VA, United States.
Alan MordueIndependent Researcher, Melrose, United Kingdom.
Greta MushetIndependent Researcher, Melrose, United Kingdom.
Anton O'ConnorIndependent Researcher, Dublin, Ireland.
Jane OrientAssociation of American Physicians and Surgeons, Tucson, AZ, United States.
José Antonio Peña-RamosDepartment of Political Science and Administration, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Harvey A RischSchool of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Jessica RoseBrownstone Institute, Austin, TX, United States.
Antonio Sánchez-BayónDepartment of Applied Economics, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain.
Ricardo F SavarisDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Michaéla C SchippersDepartment of Organisation and Personnel Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Dragos SimandanFaculty of Social Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
Karol SikoraFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom.
Willie SoonCenter for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA, United States.
Yaffa Shir-RazSchool of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Demetrios A SpandidosLaboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Beny SpiraDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Aristides M TsatsakisLaboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Harald WalachNext Society Institute, Kazimieras Simonavičius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), governments around the world implemented an unprecedented array of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. From early 2021, these were accompanied by major population-wide COVID-19 vaccination programmes-often using novel mRNA/DNA technology, although some countries used traditional vaccines. Both the NPIs and the vaccine programmes were apparently justified by highly concerning model projections of how the pandemic could progress in their absence. Efforts to reduce the spread of misinformation during the pandemic meant that differing scientific opinions on each of these aspects inevitably received unequal weighting. In this perspective review, based on an international multi-disciplinary collaboration, we identify major problems with many aspects of these COVID-19 policies as they were implemented. We show how this resulted in adverse impacts for public health, society, and scientific progress. Therefore, we propose seven recommendations to reduce such adverse consequences in the future.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsCOVID-19 VaccinesHealth PolicyHumansPublic HealthSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19COVID-19 vaccinationepidemiologymathematical modellingpublic health

Identifiers

PMID40529997
PMCPMC12171511

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.