ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry2025
Effect of Fluoride Varnish on Enamel Microhardness: An in vitro Study.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Remineralization counteracts demineralization, which is the loss of mineral ions from dental enamel, by restoring the mineral. Remineralization itself could be enhanced by external factors such as fluoride contained in fluoride varnish. This study aimed to determine the difference in enamel microhardness before and after applying 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) fluoride varnish. Materials and Methods: This experimental laboratory in vitro study used 40 premolar crowns as samples. All samples were demineralized in a pH 4 demineralizing solution for 6 hours. The samples were split into two groups, each containing 20 samples. Group I (Control) acted as a control and Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was treated with 5% NaF (fluoride varnish). Then all samples were immersed in artificial saliva for seven days. A Vickers microhardness tester measured the samples' pre-demineralization, post-demineralization, and post-remineralization microhardness. The dependent sample Results: The findings indicated that fluoride varnish application increases the demineralized enamel microhardness in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) from 174.63 VHN (SD = 23.12; 95% CI: 163.81-185.44) to 270.58 VHN (SD = 26.52; 95% CI: 258.17-282.99) (p-value = 0.000). The increase in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was higher than in Group I (Control) after remineralization of seven days (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: The findings show a significant increase in enamel microhardness following fluoride varnish application, measured on the seventh day (p-value 0.000). This demonstrates the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in increasing enamel hardness under these in vitro experimental conditions. This study can serve as a reference for clinicians selecting fluoride varnish as a caries prevention effort.
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