ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immunomodulatory effects of gut microbiota on vaccine efficacy against respiratory pathogens.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence.Viruses · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome in early life predicts malaria susceptibility.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Decoding multicomponent crosstalk: integrated pharmacodynamic‒pharmacokinetic network of sour jujube seed.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreaks of respiratory pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus (IV) have heightened the demand for highly effective vaccines that provide strong and durable immunity in human populations. However, immune responses to vaccination vary significantly among individuals and populations. Recent studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota play an essential role in regulating respiratory pathogens vaccination-induced immune responses through the systemic effects of gut-lung axis on distant organs, the lungs. In this review, we first synthesize the changes in gut microbiota composition and immune responses that occur during respiratory pathogen infections and vaccination. Then, we discuss the underlying immunological mechanisms of bidirectional immunomodulatory effects between gut microbiota and vaccines. Finally, we explore the strategies for designing next-generation vaccines against respiratory pathogens in term of gut microbiota-mediated immunological pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.