Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40528981›Full record

ArticleFundamental research2025

Lenalidomide promotes melarsoprol-activated cGAS-STING-mediated immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhuo Yu, Yifang Zou, Shulan Han, Dandan Sun, Lingzhi Wang, Leilei Yang, Yutong Li, Xuemei Zhang, Jianfeng Guo

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In one paragraph

Article in Fundamental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhuo YuDepartment of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
Yifang ZouSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Shulan HanSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Dandan SunSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Lingzhi WangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Leilei YangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Yutong LiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Xuemei ZhangDepartment of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
Jianfeng GuoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current immunotherapy has limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway demonstrates great potential to unleash the immunosuppressive TME. The capacity of melarsoprol (MEL; an arsenic-containing drug) on activating the cGAS-STING pathway in HCC cells for antitumor immunotherapy was confirmed for the first time in this study. When MEL (particularly at high doses) activated the cGAS-STING pathway； however, HCC growth was not fully inhibited, mainly due to the hyperactivation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α; a cytokine associated with the cGAS-STING pathway). Accordingly, lenalidomide (LEN; a clinically approved TNF-α inhibitor) was used to alleviate pro-tumorigenic effects of the MEL-activated cGAS-STING pathway while maintaining immunotherapeutic effects. To modulate the cGAS-STING pathway

Indexed as

ChemoimmunotherapyCombination therapyDrug deliveryLiver cancerNanoparticle

Identifiers

PMID40528981
PMCPMC12167877

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