Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40528029›Full record

ReviewNature immunology2025

Gene-environment interactions shape the host-microbial interface in inflammatory bowel disease.

Ken Cadwell, P'ng Loke

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ken CadwellDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ken.cadwell@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-0661
P'ng LokeLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. png.loke@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-3292

Funding

Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural ResearchR01DK093668 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Ken Hashigiwa Cadwell · 2011 to 2026
$7.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK093668U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) DK093668
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the gut characterized by an imbalance in host-microbiota interactions. Here, we review how early events of IBD are shaped by gene-environment interactions, especially those involving microbial perturbations. Those perturbations eventually lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD is a multi-hit process in which infectious and noninfectious agents initiate a cascade of immune activation in genetically susceptible individuals. Ultimately the process results in irreversible immunological and physical scarring. These interactions are host specific, with genetic variants influencing the threshold for immune activation and the degree of damage, thus leading to variability in disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we discuss challenges, including addressing health disparities and potential strategies for more personalized and effective therapies that target host-microbiota interactions during the preclinical phase of IBD.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGene-Environment InteractionHost Microbial InteractionsInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAnimalsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumans

Identifiers

PMID40528029
PMCPMC12443487

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.