ArticleBMJ open2025
Incidence of, and factors associated with, oral mucous membrane medical device-related pressure injury in critically ill patients with orotracheal intubation: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07775027 (EFFECT OF A NURSING CARE BUNDLE ON MEDICAL DEVICE-RELATED ORAL MUCOSAL MEMBRANE PRESSURE INJURIES IN INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a nursing care bundle on medical device-related oral mucosal membrane pressure injuries in intensive care patients
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence and risk factors of oral mucosal pressure injury in patients with oral tracheal intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Characteristics, risk factors, prevention and nursing measures of medical device-related pressure injuries in critically ill patients: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of oral mucous membrane medical device-related pressure injury (MDR-MM PI) and identify its risk factors in critically ill patients undergoing orotracheal intubation, guided by the conceptual framework of pressure injury development. The findings aim to inform effective preventive strategies in intensive care settings.
designProspective cohort study.
settingGeneral intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in China.
participantsPatients aged ≥18 years who underwent oral endotracheal intubation were included between July 2023 and July 2024. Exclusion criteria were (1) existing oral mucosal injuries before intubation, (2) radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, (3) patients undergoing oral surgery and (4) intubation duration of less than 24 hours. A total of 420 patients met the criteria and were included in the final analysis. OUTCOMES: The outcomes included the incidence of oral MDR-MM PI, the time to oral MDR-MM PI occurrence and the identification of risk factors using multivariate Cox regression analysis.
resultsAmong the 420 patients, 43.10% (n=181) developed oral MDR-MM PI, with Stage I accounting for 38.67% and Stage II for 61.33%. The lower lip (38.67%) and upper lip (38.12%) were the most common injury sites. The median time to oral MDR-MM PI occurrence was 8 days (95% CI: 7.134 to 8.866). Significant risk factors identified through multivariate Cox regression included sepsis (HR=2.090, 95% CI: 1.273 to 3.431), lower platelet (PLT) counts (HR=0.997, 95% CI: 0.995 to 0.999) and use of hard bite blocks (HR=1.553, 95% CI: 1.082 to 2.230). Probiotics showed a protective effect (HR=0.632, 95% CI: 0.468 to 0.854, p<0.05).
conclusionsCritically ill patients undergoing orotracheal intubation in ICUs are at high risk of developing oral MDR-MM PI, with a median onset time of 8 days. Risk factors such as sepsis, low PLT counts and hard bite blocks were identified, while probiotics were found to have a protective effect. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies to reduce oral MDR-MM PI incidence in ICU settings.
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