Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40526181›Full record

ArticleTropical animal health and production2025

Using complex diets post-weaning improves piglet performance and financial outcomes.

Heng Li Kao Junior, Laya Kannan Silva Alves, Bruno Braga Carnino, Fernanda Mariane Dos Santos, Ana Clara Rodrigues de Oliveira, Nádia de Almeida Ciriaco Gomes, Rafaella Fernandes Carnevale, Bruno Bracco Donatelli Muro, Monique Danielle Pairis-Garcia, Allan Paul Schinckel and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Heng Li Kao JuniorDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-8783
Laya Kannan Silva AlvesDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. layakannan@usp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-6121
Bruno Braga CarninoDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-6247
Fernanda Mariane Dos SantosDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-0066
Ana Clara Rodrigues de OliveiraDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-6107
Nádia de Almeida Ciriaco GomesDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-9412
Rafaella Fernandes CarnevaleDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-6008
Bruno Bracco Donatelli MuroDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-0881
Monique Danielle Pairis-GarciaDepartment of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-5666
Allan Paul SchinckelDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-7198
Cesar Augusto Pospissil GarbossaDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-7184

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2021/08217-5Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2022/07694-7Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2023/07961-8Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2023/18259-2Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2024/10939-7Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 21/04983-5
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluates the effects of complex versus simple diets on post-weaning performance, feeding behavior, and economic outcomes in piglets during the nursery phase. A total of 192 piglets (21 days old, 5.45 ± 0.95 kg) were assigned to either a simple or a complex diet in a randomized block design. The trial lasted 42 days and included pre-starter 1 (days 0-7), pre-starter 2 (days 8-28), and starter (days 29-42) phases. Piglets fed the complex diet demonstrated significantly better performance across all phases. In the pre-starter 1 phase, they had greater body weight (7.73%, P = 0.001), average daily gain (47.97%, P = 0.001), and improved feed conversion ratio (22.09% better, P = 0.001). Similar trends were observed in the pre-starter 2 and starter phases. Cumulatively, complex diet-fed piglets achieved 15.20% greater average daily gain (P < 0.0001), 6.99% higher average daily feed intake (P = 0.039), and 7.00% better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.0001). Complex diets also improved fecal consistency during the pre-starter 2 phase, with a higher frequency of firm feces compared to the simple diet group (19.24%, P = 0.006). Economic analysis revealed higher feed costs (18.42%, P < 0.0001), but greater total revenue (11.22%, P < 0.0001) and profitability (gross margin + 12.58%, P = 0.002) for complex-diet groups. Behavioral observations indicated longer eating times for complex diet-fed piglets during the first week post-weaning (59.80%, P = 0.0001). Overall, complex diets enhanced growth, feed efficiency and economic returns, making them a strategic option for improving post-weaning piglet performance.

Indexed as

Animal FeedAnimal HusbandryDietSus scrofaAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAnimalsFeeding BehaviorFemaleMaleSwineWeaningWeight GainDiarrheaDiet complexityNursery phaseProduction costsSwine nutritionWeaning

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.