Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40525544›Full record

SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2025

Artificial intelligence for glaucoma.

Kalyan Vemulapalli, Rishikesh Gandhewar, Atika Safitri, Sueko M Ng, Manuele Michelessi, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Su-Hsun Liu, Gianni Virgili, Kuang Hu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kalyan VemulapalliGlaucoma Research Fellow, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Rishikesh GandhewarGlaucoma Research Fellow, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Atika SafitriInstitute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
Sueko M NgDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Manuele MichelessiIRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
Augusto Azuara-BlancoCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast - Northern Ireland, UK.
Su-Hsun LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Gianni VirgiliNEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Kuang HuInstitute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To determine the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as a diagnostic tool for glaucoma compared with human graders in a community or secondary care setting. Secondary objectives To compare the performance of different AI algorithms in the diagnosis of glaucoma To explore other potential causes of heterogeneity in the diagnostic performance compared with human graders, using subgroup analysis of the following characteristics: Clinical setting in which the test is used (the general population in the community versus people referred to secondary care); Study design (studies enroling consecutive participants in the same setting versus multicentre registries and public databases); Characteristics of the population (age according to quartiles, sex, symptomatic versus asymptomatic), when sufficient data are available; Prevalence of glaucoma in the training and test sets (< 5% versus ≥ 5%), since sensitivity and specificity may depend on disease prevalence [17]; Severity of glaucoma; Core AI method used (neural networks, random forests, support vector machines, or others); Size of the dataset from which performance data were collected (< 1000 versus ≥ 1000 total unique participants); Modalities of input data for the AI algorithms (imaging data, visual fields, clinical parameters, or any combination), particularly as their accessibility and affordability may vary across different settings.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsArtificial IntelligenceGlaucomaHumansSensitivity and Specificity

Identifiers

PMID40525544
PMCPMC12172147

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.