ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Retinal vascular biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multimodal Retinal Imaging for the Detection of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Combining Biochemical, Structural, and Vascular Biomarkers.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Chain Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Retinal Microvascular Perfusion and Vessel Density in Cognitively Normal Individuals with Familial or Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reduced Retinal Perfusion With Preserved Microvascular Network Density in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Multimodal Imaging Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Early identification of vascular cognitive impairment from a multimodal perspective: a combined diagnosis from targeted cognitive assessments, imaging biomarkers, and molecular fluid biomarkers to ecological behavioral characteristics.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Detection of Retinal Neurovascular Coupling During Light Adaptation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differentiating Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia via combined OCT and OCT‑angiography analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal microvascular dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment: Associations with cerebral small vessel disease, plasma biomarkers, and cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Retinal vascular biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Retinal vasculature could be a novel, non-invasive, and inexpensive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) -related neuropathology. In this comprehensive review and meta-analysis from studies that assessed retinal vasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography in AD dementia, we calculated the pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) in vascular density (VD)-whole, VD-parafoveal, vessel length density (VLD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) between AD and cognitively normal (CN), and between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and CN. Thirty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD between AD and CN in VD-whole, VD-parafoveal, VLD, and FAZ was -0.69 ( Highlights: We performed a meta-analysis of 36 studies using optical coherence tomography angiography to assess the retinal vasculature.These included 4129 participants, of which 1175 had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 1004 had mild cognitive impairment, and 1926 were cognitively normal.We identified a significant reduction in retinal vasculature in AD and mild cognitive impairment compared to cognitively normal.Retinal perfusion measured using optical coherence tomography angiography could be used as a potential biomarker for AD dementia.
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Registered trials
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