Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40523935›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Alzheimer's disease digital biomarkers multidimensional landscape and AI model scoping review.

Wenhao Qi, Xiaohong Zhu, Bin Wang, Yankai Shi, Chaoqun Dong, Shiying Shen, Jiaqi Li, Kun Zhang, Yunfan He, Mengjiao Zhao and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Operationalizing Alzheimer's disease trials in the era of targeted therapies.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Recent Advances in AI and GenAI for Health Informatics.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Wenhao Qi *School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaohong Zhu *School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Bin Wang *School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Yankai ShiSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Chaoqun DongSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Shiying ShenSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Jiaqi LiSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Kun ZhangSchool of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
Yunfan HeSchool of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Mengjiao ZhaoSchool of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Shiyan YaoSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Yongze DongNursing Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Huajuan ShenNursing Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Junling KangDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaodong LuDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Guowei JiangDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Lizzy M M BootsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Heming FuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.
Li PanDepartment of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Hongkai ChenDepartment of Electrical and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Zhenyu YanDepartment of Electrical and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Guoliang XingDepartment of Electrical and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. glxing@ie.cuhk.edu.hk.
Shihua CaoSchool of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. csh@hznu.edu.cn.

Funding

Basic Public Welfare Research Project/Joint Fund Project of Zhejiang Province: Research on accurate localization of gait disorder brain region in Parkinson's disease based on pfMRI data set and hierarchical Bayesian model LBY23H200002First-Class Course of Zhejiang Province 2022-1133Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine, Science, and Technology Project 2023ZF134Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Program Project 2022KY1052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As digital biomarkers gain traction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, understanding recent advancements is crucial. This review conducts a bibliometric analysis of 431 studies from five online databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and CINAHL, and provides a scoping review of 86 artificial intelligence (AI) models. Research in this field is supported by 224 grants across 54 disciplines and 1403 institutions in 44 countries, with 2571 contributing researchers. Key focuses include motor activity, neurocognitive tests, eye tracking, and speech analysis. Classical machine learning models dominate AI research, though many lack performance reporting. Of 21 AD-focused models, the average AUC is 0.887, while 45 models for mild cognitive impairment show an average AUC of 0.821. Notably, only 2 studies incorporated external validation, and 3 studies performed model calibration. This review highlights the progress and challenges of integrating digital biomarkers into clinical practice.

Identifiers

PMID40523935
PMCPMC12170881

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.