Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40523162›Full record

ArticleOral diseases2025

Nitrate Prevents Sjögren's Disease by Modulating T Helper Cells via NF-κB Pathway Suppression.

Conglin Du, Zi Yang, Yang Yang, Chunmei Zhang, Hideaki Kagami, Xianqi Li, Liang Hu, Junji Xu, Jian Zhou

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Oral diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Conglin DuSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zi YangSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yang YangSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Chunmei ZhangSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hideaki KagamiDepartment of Dentistry and Oral and Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-2602
Xianqi LiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-0518
Liang HuSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-7530
Junji XuSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jian ZhouSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-9154

Funding

Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program QML20211502Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation 7222079Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University CXTD202202Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of China 82170951,82001065,82122015Young Scientist Program of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University YSP202204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal T helper (Th) cell distribution in the salivary glands (SGs). Although nitrate can regulate immune responses and preserve SGs function, its preventive effects on SjD remain unexplored.

methodsNonobese diabetic (NOD)/Ltj mice were used as a secondary Sjögren's disease (sSjD) animal model. From 6 to 16 weeks of age, the mice received either sodium nitrate (2 mM) in drinking water (SjD + Nit group) or sodium chloride (SjD + NaCl group). Salivary flow rates were recorded biweekly, and submandibular glands were collected at 16 weeks for histological analysis. Th subsets ratios were determined using flow cytometry, and mRNA sequencing was used to explore nitrate's preventive mechanism.

resultsNitrate pretreatment preserved salivary function and reduced lymphocyte infiltration. T cell related genes were downregulated, while salivary function genes were upregulated. Differentiation pathways for Th cell subsets were downregulated in the SjD + Nit group, and nitrate modulated the abnormal balance of Th cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the SGs, and peripheral blood, suppressing the NF-κb pathway of sSjD.

conclusionsPreventive nitrate administration may preserve SG function, rebalance Th cells, and suppress NF-κB pathway, offering a potential treatment for SjD.

Indexed as

NF-kappa BNitratesSalivary GlandsSjogren's SyndromeT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMiceMice, Inbred NODRandom AllocationSignal TransductionNF-kappa BNitratessodium nitrateautoimmune diseasenitratesalivary glandssecondary Sjögren's diseaseT helper cells

Identifiers

PMID40523162
PMCPMC12989053

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.