ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2025
The impact of census-tract level mortgage discrimination on cognitive function: accounting for measurement instability in small-area data via joint modeling.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Racial disparities in cognitive health reflect entrenched structural inequalities. This study investigates the association between census-tract level mortgage discrimination, operationalized as the mortgage density index ratio (MDIR), and cognitive outcomes among racially diverse older adults. Using data from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, a cohort of 644 participants was analyzed across 6 cognitive measures. Hypersegregation, driven in part by historical redlining and contemporary racial discrimination in housing and lending, introduces instability in ratio indices like MDIR. To address this, we employed a joint modeling approach that simultaneously estimates cognitive outcomes and latent mortgage rates for Black and White households. This method identified a significant association between MDIR and processing speed only among non-Hispanic Black participants, with a 1-unit MDIR increase corresponding to a 0.48 standard deviation improvement in processing speed (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.93) while controlling for individual demographics. Contrarily, traditional regression methods failed to detect such effects. Simulations further demonstrated the superiority of joint modeling in managing measurement instability, showing notably lower bias and greater robustness in small- to moderate-sized census tracts. These findings underscore the importance of advanced statistical methods in quantifying structural racism and highlight the disproportionate effects of mortgage discrimination on cognitive outcomes among Black adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.