Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40522161›Full record

ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Thermionics in Topological Materials.

Sunchao Huang, Zihao Zhang, Youfeng Yang, Yuan Zheng, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Shaomeng Wang, Zhi Li, Yubin Gong, Chao Zhang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Thermionics in Topological Materials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sunchao HuangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-1116
Zihao ZhangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Youfeng YangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Yuan ZhengSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Abdullah Al-MamunSchool of Physics and Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
Shaomeng WangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Zhi LiSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, 2033, Australia.
Yubin GongSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Chao ZhangSchool of Physics and Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-0488

Funding

Australian Research Council DP230102221National Natural Science Foundation of China 62427806National Natural Science Foundation of China 92163204National Natural Science Foundation of China 92463308
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermionic emission is fundamental to many technologies and devices, including thermionic energy converters, X-ray tubes, scanning electron microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes. The discovery of topological materials, particularly graphene, has significantly advanced thermionics research. Thermionic emission in these materials deviates from the Richardson-Dushman equation due to their linear energy dispersion. Various models are developed to accurately describe thermionic emission. Graphene, with its dangling bond-free surface, can be stacked either vertically or laterally with materials to form heterostructures. The Schottky barrier height at the interface of heterostructures can be tuned from a few millielectronvolts to several electronvolts by selecting appropriate materials or adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. This low and tunable barrier height gives rise to a great potential in developing thermionic energy converters and photodetectors. While free-standing single-layer graphene exhibits high electron mobility, its thermionic emission capability is constrained by the low density of states. This constraint can be alleviated by using 3D Dirac materials, which also possess linear energy dispersion. Thermionic emission in 3D Dirac materials is further enhanced by the emergence of nodal-ring semimetals and Weyl semimetals that exhibit linear-like energy dispersion. This review highlights recent progress in thermionic emission and devices in graphene structures and other topological materials.

Indexed as

Heat‐electricity conversionThermionicsTopological materials

Identifiers

PMID40522161
PMCPMC12422092

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.