Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40521806›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Sustained metabolic improvements in a remotely delivered ketogenic nutrition programme for veterans with type 2 diabetes: A 3-year observational study.

Rebecca N Adams, Shaminie J Athinarayanan, Alison R Zoller, Amy L McKenzie, Robert E Ratner

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rebecca N AdamsVirta Health Corp, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2715-649X
Shaminie J AthinarayananVirta Health Corp, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5427-6748
Alison R ZollerVirta Health Corp, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Amy L McKenzieLingo Biowearables, Alameda, California, USA.
Robert E RatnerDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of a remote, medically supervised ketogenic nutrition therapy intervention for Veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective observational analysis examined de-identified medical records of Veterans with T2D who engaged in a remote continuous care intervention. Outcomes were HbA1c, weight, diabetes medication use and cardiometabolic markers (lipids, liver enzymes, kidney function) among those who remained enrolled for 2 or 3 years. Separately, we assessed weight, glucose and medication changes at programme departure among Veterans who discontinued before 2 years. Outcomes were analysed across subgroups. Linear mixed-effects models and paired t-tests evaluated changes over time.

resultsAmong 640 enrolled Veterans (mean age: 59 years, BMI: 35 kg/m

conclusionsFor US Veterans, long-term participation in a remote ketogenic nutrition therapy intervention was associated with sustained improvements in glycaemic control, weight, medication use and select cardiometabolic markers. A 0.8% HbA1c reduction is associated with meaningful reductions in diabetes-related complications, highlighting the potential clinical relevance of these findings.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, KetogenicVeteransAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTelemedicineTreatment OutcomeWeight LossBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humandiabetes mellitus type 2glycaemic controlketogenic diettelemedicineveterans

Identifiers

PMID40521806
PMCPMC12326886

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.