Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40521519›Full record

ArticleACS omega2025

Design and Evaluation of Instant Release Buccal Films of Empagliflozin: A Statistical Approach.

Ahmad Salawi, Nimrah Tabassum, Muhammad Zaman, Mahtab Ahmad Khan, Waqar Siddique, Meshal Alshamrani, Abdullah Alsalhi, Ahmed H Albariqi, Ayed A Alshamrani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ahmad SalawiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Nimrah TabassumFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 05450, Pakistan.
Muhammad ZamanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 05450, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-2979
Mahtab Ahmad KhanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 05450, Pakistan.
Waqar SiddiqueRiphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4175
Meshal AlshamraniDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah AlsalhiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed H AlbariqiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Ayed A AlshamraniDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-943X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The buccal cavity may serve as a promising area to deliver the drug instantly. The route of drug administration helps to bypass the first-pass effect and hence to increase the drug bioavailability. Different types of dosage forms are available to deliver the drug through this route, and among them, instant release buccal films are of great interest when the rapid release of the drug and faster onset of action are required. This current study aimed to implement a statistical approach, Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) to design and optimize immediate release buccal films of empagliflozin. HPMC E-5 and PVP K-30 were used as polymers, PEG 400 was used as a plasticizer, and Tween 80 was used as a surfactant. The drug was physically complexed with β-cyclodextrin to form a homogeneous mixture of the drug and other excipients. The films were prepared using an easy approach of the solvent casting method, followed by their physicochemical characterizations. The dissolution and permeation studies have been conducted using the USP-Dissolution apparatus II and Franz diffusion cell, respectively. The outcomes of the studies have suggested that the films were of uniform thickness and smooth texture and transparent in nature and exhibited good mechanical strength. The disintegration and dissolution tests assured rapid disintegration and dissolution of the films, leading to immediate release (approximately 90% within 10 min) of the drug, leading to rapid absorption and faster onset of action. The optimized formulation met all of the required parameters, ensuring reproducibility. Overall, the results concluded that the empagliflozin-β-cyclodextrin complex produced buccal films with good mechanical strength, uniform morphology, and immediate drug release via the buccal mucosa, fulfilling the study's objectives.

Identifiers

PMID40521519
PMCPMC12163639

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.