Review3 Biotech2025
Breaking barriers: exploring blood-brain barrier crossing mechanisms with nanomedicine for effective glioma treatment.
Review in 3 Biotech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overcoming barriers: mechanisms and strategies of nanoparticles in overcoming the blood-brain barrier and drug resistance in glioblastomas.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Exploring Marine Microcella sp. For its Plant Growth-promoting Capacity on Pennisetum Glaucum (Pearl millet).Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Breaking Barriers: Advancements in CNS Drug Delivery for Glioblastoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plasma-Nanomedicine Synergistic Therapy for Brain Diseases: Current Status, Applications, and Challenges.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review comprehensively highlights recent studies on the potential immunotherapy targets and nanomedicine strategies to enhance glioma treatment by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Various nanoparticles, such as liposomes, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have shown a significant ability to cross the BBB and deliver therapeutic agents to glioma. Surface modification of nanoformulation with transferrin, insulin, and trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptides has proven enhanced cellular uptake and tumor suppression. Self-targeting carbon dots (CDs) have shown effectiveness even without targeting ligands, indicating their broad potential for crossing the BBB. Polymeric nanocapsules (PNCs) encapsulating Methotrexate significantly reduced tumor volumes in animal models of glioma. Additionally, fucoidan-encapsulated Vismodegib nanoparticles effectively crossed the BBB and exhibited minimal toxicity in healthy brain tissue. Synthetic protein nanoparticles (SPNPs) loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) achieved an 87.5% long-term survival rate in glioma-bearing mice. Novel systems, such as lipid-calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticles and poly (β-L-malic acid), have been utilized to effectively deliver siRNA and immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby downregulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies combined with nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems enhanced brain tumor-specific targeting and improved immune cell infiltration. Despite the success in preclinical studies, challenges remain regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, off-target effects, and regulatory approval. Nevertheless, these findings support the potential of multifunctional nanomedicines for glioma therapy by enabling BBB penetration, immune modulation, and targeted drug delivery, which can be further improved.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.