Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40521121›Full record

ArticleMethodsX2025

Virtual reality in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education: a scoping review protocol integrating data mining for topic discovery.

Silvia Ronchi, Rosario Caruso, Diletta Fabrizi, Michela Luciani, Celeste M Alfes, Noriyo Colley, Arianna Magon, Gianluca Conte, Anna Valli, Stefano Terzoni and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in MethodsX, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Silvia RonchiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Rosario CarusoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Diletta FabriziDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Michela LucianiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Celeste M AlfesCase Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, USA.
Noriyo ColleyDepartment of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
Arianna MagonHealth Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Gianluca ConteHealth Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Anna ValliMosaic Factor, Barcelona, Spain.
Stefano TerzoniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Silvia CilluffoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Maura LusignaniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Davide AusiliDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) encompasses a range of computer-based technologies that simulate complex scenarios, offering immersive, experiential learning in a controlled virtual environment. In nursing education, VR has the potential to enhance both technical and non-technical competencies. However, the existing literature on VR in nursing education is fragmented, making it challenging to fully grasp its scope, applications, and emerging trends. This scoping review protocol outlines a systematic approach to mapping the existing literature on the use of VR in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR 2020 framework, the review will include studies published in English, Spanish, or Italian, as well as those with an accessible HTML version to enable accurate automated translation and eligibility assessment. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, with no time restrictions. Two independent reviewers will assess study eligibility and extract data using a standardized form. Additionally, data mining techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation enhanced by Bayesian optimization, will be employed to identify trends and emerging topics in the field, providing valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers.•This scoping review protocol outlines the methodology for systematically mapping the existing literature on VR in nursing education, providing a comprehensive overview of its applications at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.•Advanced data mining techniques will be applied to uncover emerging trends and key topics, enhancing the understanding of VR's evolving role in nursing education.•Findings will offer methodological and practical insights, supporting educators, researchers, and policymakers in optimizing and expanding VR-based learning strategies in nursing.

Indexed as

LearningNursingNursing educationVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID40521121
PMCPMC12163999

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.