ArticleJournal of exercise science and fitness2025
Temporal trends in physical fitness among preschoolers from Macao Special Administrative Region between 2002 and 2020.
Article in Journal of exercise science and fitness, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in physical fitness among adults from Macao SAR between 2001 and 2020.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Longitudinal relationships between visuomotor integration and physical fitness in preschoolers: a cross-lagged panel analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: This study examined temporal trends in physical fitness among preschool children aged 3-5 years from the Macao Special Administrative Region, China between 2002 and 2020. Methods: Representative repeated cross-sectional physical fitness data were collected in 2002, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 ( Results: We found significant but small increases in height, weight, and chest circumference (standardised effect size [ES] = 0.27-0.42), a significant moderate increase in hip circumference (ES = 0.59), and a negligible trend in waist circumference. Physical fitness trends were conflicting, with negligible to small declines in throwing (ES = -0.14) and balance (ES = -0.32) performance, and negligible to small improvements in other measures (ES = 0.19-0.34). We found negligible trends in distributional variability and differing trends in distributional asymmetry. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest modest growth and development among Macao preschoolers over the past two decades. Our findings also highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring to support physical fitness and overall health in early childhood. Continuous screening and monitoring are crucial for identifying trends and informing future health initiatives.
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