ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Adverse childhood experiences affect health outcomes for adults in North Dakota: 2019-2022 BRFSS population profile.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to chronic health conditions, at-risk behaviors, and reduced quality and length of life. Public health interventions targeting childhood trauma require an investigation of overall prevalence of ACEs and associations with outcomes and behaviors. Methods: We created an ACE score using aggregated North Dakota (ND) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2019 to 2022. Adjusted odds ratios for selected chronic conditions, health risk behaviors, and health burdens were obtained using a logistic regression model. Results: ND adults with 4+ ACEs had more than a 2x increased risk for chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular problems, asthma, arthritis, currently smoking, and frequent poor physical health and more than a 4x increased risk for COPD, using marijuana, frequent poor mental health, and having a depressive disorder. A 2-fold increased risk for frequent poor physical, frequent poor mental health, and having a depressive disorder was seen for ND adults with 1-3 ACEs. Discussion: ACEs, especially for ND adults with an ACE score of 4+, are associated with poorer mental and physical health outcomes. Using marijuana had the strongest association with health risk behaviors and having a depressive disorder had the strongest association of the health conditions in the study. Our results emphasize the importance of evidence-based ACE prevention strategies and trauma-informed approaches that public health officials and policy makers in ND and across the nation can use to help build resilience, prevent ACEs, and improve well-being across the population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.