Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40519993›Full record

ArticleACS central science2025

Plug Flow: Generating Renewable Electricity with Water from Nature by Breaking the Limit of Debye Length.

Chi Kit Ao, Yajuan Sun, Yan Jie Neriah Tan, Yan Jiang, Zhenxing Zhang, Chengyu Zhang, Siowling Soh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS central science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chi Kit AoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Yajuan SunDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Yan Jie Neriah TanDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Yan JiangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Zhenxing ZhangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Chengyu ZhangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
Siowling SohDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-6772

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Charge separation occurs spontaneously at the solid-liquid interface, forming an electric double layer. Previous methods, including streaming current, used to harvest the constantly separated charge in micron-sized and larger systems reported negligible power output due to the fundamental limit caused by the very short nanoscale Debye length. This study reports on the phenomenon that plug flow of water that falls naturally down a millimeter-sized tube generates electricity with a high efficiency of >10% and power density of ∼100 W/m

Identifiers

PMID40519993
PMCPMC12164936

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.