Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40519955›Full record

ArticleJCPP advances2025

The process of co-design for a new anxiety intervention for autistic children.

Tasha Cullingham, Una Rennard, Cathy Creswell, Damian Milton, Karen Leneh Buckle, Lucie Godber, Kate Gordon, Michael Larkin, Jonathan Green

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCPP advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Maximizing the Quality and Reporting Standards of Autism Intervention Science.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tasha CullinghamManchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-3230
Una RennardExpert by Experience.
Cathy CreswellDepartments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-0956
Damian MiltonTizard Centre University of Kent Canterbury UK.
Karen Leneh BuckleDivision of Psychology Communication and Human Neuroscience Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK.
Lucie GodberExpert by Experience.
Kate GordonDepartment of Neuropsychology Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Bracknell UK.
Michael LarkinCollege of Health and Life Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK.
Jonathan GreenManchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-181X

Funding

Department of Health NIHR203495Wellcome Trust 226603
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mental health difficulties are common for autistic people; however, almost no interventions have been co-designed with the autistic community. Co-design has the potential to add important insights from lived experience into intervention design, but there are currently limited examples of how rigorously to undertake this practice. This paper details a worked model of co-design and its process, focussed on adapting an evidenced parent-led intervention for non-autistic child anxiety (HYC), to meet the needs of young autistic children. The aim is to provide an example of co-design, integrating autistic, parental, academic, clinical, experience and expertise. Methods: Using prior literature and theory, including Experience-Based Co-Design, we developed an iterative and collaborative process between the research team and an expert reference group (ERG). The research team comprised autistic and non-autistic members. The ERG included parents (autistic and non-autistic) of autistic children with anxiety problems, autistic adults with experience of anxiety problems, and clinicians with experience supporting autistic children with anxiety problems. The ERG and research team reviewed information from qualitative research interviews with autistic children with anxiety problems and their parents along with information from clinical experience and the academic literature to reach consensus on the adapted intervention design. Results: The creation of a truly co-designed intervention that includes a neurodiversity-affirmative perspective, alongside CBT techniques. With anxiety problems experienced by autistic children being framed by combining the impacts of being neurodivergent in a neurotypical world, developmental science and well known cognitive behavioural models of child-anxiety. Conclusion: Co-design can help to integrate multiple perspectives and result in the creation of interventions that are potentially relevant and acceptable to autistic people, their family members, and clinicians.

Indexed as

autismCBTchild anxietyco‐designco‐productionneurodiversityparent‐led intervention

Identifiers

PMID40519955
PMCPMC12159306

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.