ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Serum IL-6 predicts immunotherapy-related adverse and outcome in advanced gastric and esophageal cancer patients with Anti-PD-1 treatment.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Baseline IL-6 independently predicts severe immune-related toxicity and poor survival in advanced gastric cancer treated with immunotherapy.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Risk factors and outcomes for steroid-refractory immune-related hepatotoxicity in locally advanced and metastatic cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- The multidimensional regulatory network of the PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: Implications for novel combination therapies and precision immunotherapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Factors Affecting the Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Dynamic peripheral immune monitoring during checkpoint blockade: a framework for interpreting response, toxicity and resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chrono-immunotherapy's current and future optimization strategies: immunotherapy timing in line with the circadian rhythm brings longer survival benefits.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive safety analysis of the clinical spectrum of adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors based on FAERS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Plasma IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 as predictors of response to PD-1 blockade immunochemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Real-world study of adebrelimab as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly prolong the survival of cancer patients. including gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are inevitably involved in ICIs treatment sometimes with severe consequences. Extreme caution is necessary for predicting irAEs and precisely screening of appropriate patients. We evaluated the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with irAEs and their impacts on ICIs treatment effectiveness in advanced GAC and ESCC patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 121 patients treated with ICIs between March 1, 2020 and August 31, 2023 to evaluate the association between serum IL-6 and ICIs treatment effectiveness. The occurrence of irAEs, including grade and category, and effectiveness of immunotherapy, including objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), was evaluated. Categorical count data were tested by chi-square test. Nonparametric rank sum tests were performed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis test. Survival rate estimation and survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test. Univariate and multivariable COX regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 121 patients including 79 with GAC and 42 with ESCC patients were randomly divided into TC (n=81) and VC (n=40) groups. Higher serum IL-6 levels were associated with increased incidence of irAEs, the outcome analysis also indicated its association with lower DCR, shorter PFS and shorter OS in TC group. The higher IL-6 related irAEs occurrence and poor prognosis (DCR, PFS) was confirmed in the VC group. Individual tumor analysis showed that higher IL-6 was associated with both irAEs occurrence and poor prognosis (DCR, PFS, OS) in ESCC patients, and with irAEs occurrence and poor prognosis (DCR, PFS) in GAC patients. No statistically significant associations were observed between pathological biomarkers including programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), mismatch repair (MMR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and either IL-6 levels or irAEs occurrence in both GC and ESCC patients. Conclusion: Elevated serum IL-6 levels were associated with the incidence of irAEs, and higher IL-6 levels predicted worse prognosis in GAC and ESCC patients with ICIs treatment.
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