ArticleAdvanced biomedical research2025
Evaluation of Surface EMG in Masticatory, Sternomastoid, and Trapezius Muscles among Smartphone Users with Varying Duration of Mobile Usage: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Advanced biomedical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of an interpretable stacking-based risk model for breast cancer- related lymphoedema: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Walking Speed Modulates Neck-Shoulder Strain During Smartphone Use with Backpack Load.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The overuse of smartphones can cause and trigger painful musculoskeletal conditions due to the derangement of muscle function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of daily smartphone usage on the surface electromyographic activity of the masticatory, sternomastoid, and trapezius muscles as there is limited research in this area. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 young adult smartphone users were categorized into three groups based on their daily duration of mobile usage. They underwent surface electromyography (sEMG) assessment using the Neuropack X1 surface EMG device from Nihon Kohden. Using appropriate statistical methods, the sEMG parameters were compared and correlated within the three groups. Results: The study found a significant increase in resting sEMG activity in the right Trapezius muscle among smartphone users who used their devices for more than 7 hours daily, compared to the other user groups (median interquartile range: 0.49 (0.026, 0.161) vs 0.025 (0.014, 0.049)). Furthermore, the maximum voluntary contraction testing revealed significantly higher sEMG activity in the right Temporalis muscle among smartphone users who used their devices for more than 7 hours daily, compared to the other user groups (median interquartile range: 2.342 (0.972, 3.364) vs 1.391 (0.525, 2.732) vs 1.301 (0.482, 2.083)). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the daily duration of smartphone usage could potentially impact the surface EMG activity of the masticatory, neck, and upper back muscles.
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