Diagnosis of infantile subglottic hemangioma: a 10-year experience of 25 cases.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the clinical appearances of infantile subglottic hemangioma (SGH) and the diagnostic value of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) combined with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 25 children diagnosed with SGH from January 2012 to January 2022. Results: FFL showed a smooth, rounded, vascular-appearing submucosal lesion in the subglottic wall, while CECT revealed an enhancing lesion, obscuring the airway lumen. Among the 25 cases (8 males and 17 females; 10 left-sided, 11 right-sided, and 4 middle), the clinical appearances contained stridor (25), respiratory distress (13), three-concave sign (10), barking cough (9), feeding difficulty (8), cyanosis (2), and hoarseness (2). SGH with cutaneous hemangiomas accounted for 24% (6/25). The age at presentation ranged from 1 day to 8 months (median, 33 days), including 96% (24/25) of cases aged <6 months. Moreover, 92% (23/25) of cases had a history of misdiagnosis, 22 respiratory infections, 5 laryngomalacia, 1 laryngeal cyst, and 1 asthma, individually or in combination. Except for one case that died of polygenic abnormality and another case lost to follow-up, the remaining 23 cases were cured after oral propranolol. Conclusions: For an infant with respiratory symptoms, who has repeated condition or poor effect after routine treatment, SGH should be considered, especially in infants under 6 months old. FFL combined with CECT is recommended to make a definite diagnosis of SGH.