Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40519362›Full record

ReviewBioactive materials2025

Engineering microneedles for biosensing and drug delivery.

Penghui Zhao, Zerui Zhou, Tyler Wolter, Jacob Womelsdorf, Abigail Somers, Yiming Feng, Kristo Nuutila, Zhenhua Tian, Juhong Chen, Ali Tamayol and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Penghui ZhaoDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Zerui ZhouDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Tyler WolterAcademy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Jacob WomelsdorfAcademy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Abigail SomersAcademy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Yiming FengDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Hampton, VA, 23669, USA.
Kristo NuutilaUnited States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
Zhenhua TianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
Juhong ChenDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92527, USA.
Ali TamayolDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Wujin SunDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microneedles (MNs) are small, minimally invasive devices that typically measure from tens to hundreds of micrometers in length and are usually less than a millimeter in diameter. Their purpose is to pierce the outermost layer of the skin or other tissues to collect bio-fluids or aid in the delivery of medications. MNs are less daunting for individuals with needle phobia, which may enhance patient compliance to treatments. Researchers are developing methods to integrate biosensors onto MN surfaces or incorporate them into the MNs structure to monitor analytes in bio-fluid in real time. The research community is also exploring various designs, materials, and fabrication methods to enhance medication delivery, stability, and patient comfort. In general, MNs development is an evolving field, characterized by continuous research endeavors that seek to resolve technical obstacles, enhance device functionality, and progress toward clinical applications. Here, we will delve into the methods for engineering MNs, focusing on biosensing and drug delivery. For a better understanding of translational research, we will examine MN designs that have been clinically approved. We will also provide a brief overview of the most important design aspects and go over some potential opportunities for MN development in the future.

Indexed as

BiosensingClinical translationDrug deliveryMicroneedle

Identifiers

PMID40519362
PMCPMC12162081

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.