ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2025
Microglia matters: visualizing the immune battle in Parkinson's disease.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- CD11c + microglia: From basic research to clinical application.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglia-Specific Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe Enables Noninvasive Separation of Parkinsonian Mice from Controls.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fluorine-18-labeled PET radiotracers for imaging the macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R).EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2026Article
- How gut microbiota contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders: evidence from neuroimaging studies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Exercise suppresses apoptosis for alleviating Parkinson's disease: effects on pathophysiological molecular pathways.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia play critical roles in immune defense within the central nervous system (CNS), and microglia-mediated immune changes in the brain are observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). While PET imaging with a range of radiolabeled ligands has been invaluable for visualizing and quantifying neuroimmune changes in the brains of patients with PD, no PET ligands currently exist that are specific to microglia. In this issue of the JCI, Mills et al. used the PET radioligand [¹¹C]CPPC to image colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), revealing a connection between increased CSF1R expression and microglia-mediated brain immune changes in patients with PD. The study demonstrated that elevated CSF1R expression colocalized with a microglial-specific marker in brain regions vulnerable to PD. Moreover, quantifying CSF1R density with [¹¹C]CPPC-PET imaging in living brains may provide an indicator of motor and cognitive impairments in the early stages of PD. These findings underscore the potential of CSF1R-PET imaging as a microglial-sensitive biomarker of brain immune function in PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.