ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025
Electroconvulsive therapy modulates the interplay between depressive symptoms in difficult-to-treat depression: A longitudinal network analysis.
Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The postictal systems window hypothesis of electroconvulsive therapy in major depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy modulates the interplay between depressive symptoms in difficult-to-treat depression: A longitudinal network analysis - CORRIGENDUM.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifficult-to-treat depression (DTD) is a common clinical challenge for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders. Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) has proven to be one of the most effective treatments for this condition. Although several studies have investigated individually the clinical factors associated with the DTD response, the role of their interplay in the clinical response to ECT remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the network of symptoms in DTD, evaluate the effects of ECT on the interrelationship of depressive symptoms, and identify the network characteristics that could predict the clinical response.
methodsA network analysis of clinical and demographic data from 154 patients with DTD was performed to compare longitudinally the patterns of relationships among depressive symptoms after ECT treatment. Furthermore, we estimated the network structure at baseline associated with a greater clinical improvement (≥80% reduction at Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score).
resultsECT modulated the network of depressive symptoms, with increased strength of the global network (
conclusionsIn conclusion, ECT treatment may affect not only the severity of the symptoms but also their relationship; this may contribute to the response in DTD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.