Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40518698›Full record

ReviewEquine veterinary journal2026

Equine botulism.

Kali Slavik, Robert Whitlock, Amy Johnson

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Equine veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Equine botulism.Equine veterinary journal · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kali SlavikDepartment of Clinical Studies-New Bolton, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9159-7289
Robert WhitlockDepartment of Clinical Studies-New Bolton, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Amy JohnsonDepartment of Clinical Studies-New Bolton, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Botulism is a severe and often fatal disease in equine patients worldwide. Clostridium botulinum is a ubiquitous soil organism which produces a potent neurotoxin resulting in neuromuscular blockade and flaccid paralysis in affected animals. Definitive diagnosis is often impractical or impossible, leading to diagnosis and treatment based on clinical experience and presenting signs. Delay in case identification and treatment results in rapid deterioration of the patient. Treatment of recumbent equine botulism cases presents challenges due to patient size and requires intensive nursing care. This review summarises the current knowledge on equine botulism, including pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic and treatment options and prevention.

Indexed as

BotulismClostridium botulinumHorse DiseasesAnimalsHorsesBoNTClostridium botulinumhorseneuromuscularneurotoxin

Identifiers

PMID40518698
PMCPMC12892383

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.